Hyperreactive Onchocerciasis is Characterized by a Combination of Th17-Th2 Immune Responses and Reduced Regulatory T Cells
Identifieur interne : 001D02 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001D01; suivant : 001D03Hyperreactive Onchocerciasis is Characterized by a Combination of Th17-Th2 Immune Responses and Reduced Regulatory T Cells
Auteurs : Gnatoulma Katawa [Allemagne, Togo] ; Laura E. Layland [Allemagne] ; Alex Y. Debrah [Ghana] ; Charlotte Von Horn [Allemagne] ; Linda Batsa [Ghana] ; Alexander Kwarteng [Allemagne] ; Sandra Arriens [Allemagne] ; David W. Taylor [Royaume-Uni] ; Sabine Specht [Allemagne] ; Achim Hoerauf [Allemagne] ; Tomabu Adjobimey [Allemagne]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Clinical manifestations in onchocerciasis range from generalized onchocerciasis (GEO) to the rare but severe hyperreactive (HO)/sowda form. Since disease pathogenesis is associated with host inflammatory reactions, we investigated whether Th17 responses could be related to aggravated pathology in HO. Using flow cytometry, filarial-specific cytokine responses and PCR arrays, we compared the immune cell profiles, including Th subsets, in individuals presenting the two polar forms of infection and endemic normals (EN). In addition to elevated frequencies of memory CD4+ T cells, individuals with HO showed accentuated Th17 and Th2 profiles but decreased CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ regulatory T cells. These profiles included increased IL-17A+, IL-4+, RORC2+ and GATA3+CD4+ T cell populations. Flow cytometry data was further confirmed using a PCR array since Th17-related genes (IL-17 family members, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-22) and Th2-related (IL-4, IL-13, STAT6) genes were all significantly up-regulated in HO individuals. In addition, stronger
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003414
PubMed: 25569210
PubMed Central: 4288720
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000419
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000419
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001195
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 006F10
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 006F10
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 006F10
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001D05
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001D02
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Hyperreactive Onchocerciasis is Characterized by a Combination of Th17-Th2 Immune Responses and Reduced Regulatory T Cells</title><author><name sortKey="Katawa, Gnatoulma" sort="Katawa, Gnatoulma" uniqKey="Katawa G" first="Gnatoulma" last="Katawa">Gnatoulma Katawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Advanced School of Medical Biology and Food Technology (ESTBA), University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Togo</country><wicri:regionArea>Advanced School of Medical Biology and Food Technology (ESTBA), University of Lomé, Lomé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lomé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Layland, Laura E" sort="Layland, Laura E" uniqKey="Layland L" first="Laura E." last="Layland">Laura E. Layland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Alex Y" sort="Debrah, Alex Y" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alex Y." last="Debrah">Alex Y. Debrah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and School of Medical Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and School of Medical Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Horn, Charlotte" sort="Von Horn, Charlotte" uniqKey="Von Horn C" first="Charlotte" last="Von Horn">Charlotte Von Horn</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwarteng, Alexander" sort="Kwarteng, Alexander" uniqKey="Kwarteng A" first="Alexander" last="Kwarteng">Alexander Kwarteng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arriens, Sandra" sort="Arriens, Sandra" uniqKey="Arriens S" first="Sandra" last="Arriens">Sandra Arriens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="W Taylor, David" sort="W Taylor, David" uniqKey="W Taylor D" first="David" last="W. Taylor">David W. Taylor</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adjobimey, Tomabu" sort="Adjobimey, Tomabu" uniqKey="Adjobimey T" first="Tomabu" last="Adjobimey">Tomabu Adjobimey</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25569210</idno><idno type="pmc">4288720</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288720</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4288720</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003414</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000419</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000419</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000419</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000419</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001195</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001195</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">006F10</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">006F10</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">006F10</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1935-2727:2015:Katawa G:hyperreactive:onchocerciasis:is</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001D05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001D02</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001D02</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Hyperreactive Onchocerciasis is Characterized by a Combination of Th17-Th2 Immune Responses and Reduced Regulatory T Cells</title><author><name sortKey="Katawa, Gnatoulma" sort="Katawa, Gnatoulma" uniqKey="Katawa G" first="Gnatoulma" last="Katawa">Gnatoulma Katawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Advanced School of Medical Biology and Food Technology (ESTBA), University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Togo</country><wicri:regionArea>Advanced School of Medical Biology and Food Technology (ESTBA), University of Lomé, Lomé</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lomé</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Layland, Laura E" sort="Layland, Laura E" uniqKey="Layland L" first="Laura E." last="Layland">Laura E. Layland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Alex Y" sort="Debrah, Alex Y" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alex Y." last="Debrah">Alex Y. Debrah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and School of Medical Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and School of Medical Sciences of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Horn, Charlotte" sort="Von Horn, Charlotte" uniqKey="Von Horn C" first="Charlotte" last="Von Horn">Charlotte Von Horn</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwarteng, Alexander" sort="Kwarteng, Alexander" uniqKey="Kwarteng A" first="Alexander" last="Kwarteng">Alexander Kwarteng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arriens, Sandra" sort="Arriens, Sandra" uniqKey="Arriens S" first="Sandra" last="Arriens">Sandra Arriens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="W Taylor, David" sort="W Taylor, David" uniqKey="W Taylor D" first="David" last="W. Taylor">David W. Taylor</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adjobimey, Tomabu" sort="Adjobimey, Tomabu" uniqKey="Adjobimey T" first="Tomabu" last="Adjobimey">Tomabu Adjobimey</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical manifestations in onchocerciasis range from generalized onchocerciasis (GEO) to the rare but severe hyperreactive (HO)/sowda form. Since disease pathogenesis is associated with host inflammatory reactions, we investigated whether Th17 responses could be related to aggravated pathology in HO. Using flow cytometry, filarial-specific cytokine responses and PCR arrays, we compared the immune cell profiles, including Th subsets, in individuals presenting the two polar forms of infection and endemic normals (EN). In addition to elevated frequencies of memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, individuals with HO showed accentuated Th17 and Th2 profiles but decreased CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>hi</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells. These profiles included increased IL-17A<sup>+</sup>, IL-4<sup>+</sup>, RORC2<sup>+</sup> and GATA3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell populations. Flow cytometry data was further confirmed using a PCR array since Th17-related genes (IL-17 family members, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-22) and Th2-related (IL-4, IL-13, STAT6) genes were all significantly up-regulated in HO individuals. In addition, stronger <italic>Onchocerca volvulus</italic>-specific Th2 responses, especially IL-13, were observed <italic>in vitro</italic> in hyperreactive individuals when compared to GEO or EN groups. This study provides initial evidence that elevated frequencies of Th17 and Th2 cells form part of the immune network instigating the development of severe onchocerciasis.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crump, A" uniqKey="Crump A">A Crump</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morel, Cm" uniqKey="Morel C">CM Morel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Omura, S" uniqKey="Omura S">S Omura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mj" uniqKey="Taylor M">MJ Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamarozzi, F" uniqKey="Tamarozzi F">F Tamarozzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halliday, A" uniqKey="Halliday A">A Halliday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gentil, K" uniqKey="Gentil K">K Gentil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearlman, E" uniqKey="Pearlman E">E Pearlman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adjobimey, T" uniqKey="Adjobimey T">T Adjobimey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Subrahmanyam, D" uniqKey="Subrahmanyam D">D Subrahmanyam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehta, K" uniqKey="Mehta K">K Mehta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Ds" uniqKey="Nelson D">DS Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Yv" uniqKey="Rao Y">YV Rao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rao, Ck" uniqKey="Rao C">CK Rao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korten, S" uniqKey="Korten S">S Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaifi, Jt" uniqKey="Kaifi J">JT Kaifi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Buttner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korten, S" uniqKey="Korten S">S Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badusche, M" uniqKey="Badusche M">M Badusche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Buttner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brattig, N" uniqKey="Brattig N">N Brattig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mitre, E" uniqKey="Mitre E">E Mitre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chien, D" uniqKey="Chien D">D Chien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nutman, Tb" uniqKey="Nutman T">TB Nutman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Babu, S" uniqKey="Babu S">S Babu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhat, Sq" uniqKey="Bhat S">SQ Bhat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pavan Kumar, N" uniqKey="Pavan Kumar N">N Pavan Kumar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipira, Ab" uniqKey="Lipira A">AB Lipira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mbow, M" uniqKey="Mbow M">M Mbow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larkin, Bm" uniqKey="Larkin B">BM Larkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meurs, L" uniqKey="Meurs L">L Meurs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wammes, Lj" uniqKey="Wammes L">LJ Wammes</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Se" uniqKey="De Jong S">SE de Jong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Debrah, A" uniqKey="Debrah A">A Debrah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buettner, M" uniqKey="Buettner M">M Buettner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Batsa, L" uniqKey="Batsa L">L Batsa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, M" uniqKey="Buttner M">M Buttner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfarr, K" uniqKey="Pfarr K">K Pfarr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arndts, K" uniqKey="Arndts K">K Arndts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tamarozzi, F" uniqKey="Tamarozzi F">F Tamarozzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klarmann Schulz, U" uniqKey="Klarmann Schulz U">U Klarmann Schulz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Satoguina, J" uniqKey="Satoguina J">J Satoguina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mempel, M" uniqKey="Mempel M">M Mempel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larbi, J" uniqKey="Larbi J">J Larbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badusche, M" uniqKey="Badusche M">M Badusche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loliger, C" uniqKey="Loliger C">C Löliger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adjobimey, T" uniqKey="Adjobimey T">T Adjobimey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Satoguina, J" uniqKey="Satoguina J">J Satoguina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oldenburg, J" uniqKey="Oldenburg J">J Oldenburg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Layland, Le" uniqKey="Layland L">LE Layland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Satoguina, Js" uniqKey="Satoguina J">JS Satoguina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adjobimey, T" uniqKey="Adjobimey T">T Adjobimey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arndts, K" uniqKey="Arndts K">K Arndts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoch, J" uniqKey="Hoch J">J Hoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oldenburg, J" uniqKey="Oldenburg J">J Oldenburg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yosef, N" uniqKey="Yosef N">N Yosef</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shalek, Ak" uniqKey="Shalek A">AK Shalek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaublomme, Jt" uniqKey="Gaublomme J">JT Gaublomme</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, H" uniqKey="Jin H">H Jin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Y" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stockinger, B" uniqKey="Stockinger B">B Stockinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veldhoen, M" uniqKey="Veldhoen M">M Veldhoen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turaga, Ps" uniqKey="Turaga P">PS Turaga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tierney, Tj" uniqKey="Tierney T">TJ Tierney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Ke" uniqKey="Bennett K">KE Bennett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarthy, Mc" uniqKey="Mccarthy M">MC McCarthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonek, Sc" uniqKey="Simonek S">SC Simonek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Pj" uniqKey="Cooper P">PJ Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mancero, T" uniqKey="Mancero T">T Mancero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Espinel, M" uniqKey="Espinel M">M Espinel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sandoval, C" uniqKey="Sandoval C">C Sandoval</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lovato, R" uniqKey="Lovato R">R Lovato</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tischendorf, Fw" uniqKey="Tischendorf F">FW Tischendorf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albiez, Ej" uniqKey="Albiez E">EJ Albiez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Buttner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, J" uniqKey="Berger J">J Berger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rubio De Kromer, Mt" uniqKey="Rubio De Kromer M">MT Rubio de Krömer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kromer, M" uniqKey="Kromer M">M Krömer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luersen, K" uniqKey="Luersen K">K Lüersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Korten, S" uniqKey="Korten S">S Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Volkmann, L" uniqKey="Volkmann L">L Volkmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saeftel, M" uniqKey="Saeftel M">M Saeftel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taniguchi, M" uniqKey="Taniguchi M">M Taniguchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Babu, S" uniqKey="Babu S">S Babu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blauvelt, Cp" uniqKey="Blauvelt C">CP Blauvelt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nutman, Tb" uniqKey="Nutman T">TB Nutman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tenner Racz, K" uniqKey="Tenner Racz K">K Tenner-Racz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korten, S" uniqKey="Korten S">S Korten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Buttner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doetze, A" uniqKey="Doetze A">A Doetze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Satoguina, J" uniqKey="Satoguina J">J Satoguina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burchard, G" uniqKey="Burchard G">G Burchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rau, T" uniqKey="Rau T">T Rau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loliger, C" uniqKey="Loliger C">C Loliger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Magg, T" uniqKey="Magg T">T Magg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mannert, J" uniqKey="Mannert J">J Mannert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellwart, Jw" uniqKey="Ellwart J">JW Ellwart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid, I" uniqKey="Schmid I">I Schmid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Albert, Mh" uniqKey="Albert M">MH Albert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kruse, S" uniqKey="Kruse S">S Kruse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heinzmann, A" uniqKey="Heinzmann A">A Heinzmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mueller Myhsok, B" uniqKey="Mueller Myhsok B">B Mueller-Myhsok</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brattig, N" uniqKey="Brattig N">N Brattig</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kerepesi, La" uniqKey="Kerepesi L">LA Kerepesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leon, O" uniqKey="Leon O">O Leon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lustigman, S" uniqKey="Lustigman S">S Lustigman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abraham, D" uniqKey="Abraham D">D Abraham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brattig, Nw" uniqKey="Brattig N">NW Brattig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bazzocchi, C" uniqKey="Bazzocchi C">C Bazzocchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschning, Cj" uniqKey="Kirschning C">CJ Kirschning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reiling, N" uniqKey="Reiling N">N Reiling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Büttner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manel, N" uniqKey="Manel N">N Manel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Unutmaz, D" uniqKey="Unutmaz D">D Unutmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Littman, Dr" uniqKey="Littman D">DR Littman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heninger, Ak" uniqKey="Heninger A">AK Heninger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theil, A" uniqKey="Theil A">A Theil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilhelm, C" uniqKey="Wilhelm C">C Wilhelm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petzold, C" uniqKey="Petzold C">C Petzold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huebel, N" uniqKey="Huebel N">N Huebel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allen, Je" uniqKey="Allen J">JE Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maizels, Rm" uniqKey="Maizels R">RM Maizels</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Den Berg, Wb" uniqKey="Van Den Berg W">WB van den Berg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcinnes, Ib" uniqKey="Mcinnes I">IB McInnes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsvetkova Vicheva, V" uniqKey="Tsvetkova Vicheva V">V Tsvetkova-Vicheva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konova, E" uniqKey="Konova E">E Konova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lukanov, T" uniqKey="Lukanov T">T Lukanov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gecheva, S" uniqKey="Gecheva S">S Gecheva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Velkova, A" uniqKey="Velkova A">A Velkova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lynde, Cw" uniqKey="Lynde C">CW Lynde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poulin, Y" uniqKey="Poulin Y">Y Poulin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vender, R" uniqKey="Vender R">R Vender</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourcier, M" uniqKey="Bourcier M">M Bourcier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khalil, S" uniqKey="Khalil S">S Khalil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cosmi, L" uniqKey="Cosmi L">L Cosmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liotta, F" uniqKey="Liotta F">F Liotta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maggi, E" uniqKey="Maggi E">E Maggi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Romagnani, S" uniqKey="Romagnani S">S Romagnani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Annunziato, F" uniqKey="Annunziato F">F Annunziato</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larkin, Bm" uniqKey="Larkin B">BM Larkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Pm" uniqKey="Smith P">PM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ponichtera, He" uniqKey="Ponichtera H">HE Ponichtera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shainheit, Mg" uniqKey="Shainheit M">MG Shainheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rutitzky, Li" uniqKey="Rutitzky L">LI Rutitzky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, L" uniqKey="Chen L">L Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, W" uniqKey="Gao W">W Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, X" uniqKey="Hou X">X Hou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Y" uniqKey="Gu Y">Y Gu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bazzone, Le" uniqKey="Bazzone L">LE Bazzone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Pm" uniqKey="Smith P">PM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rutitzky, Li" uniqKey="Rutitzky L">LI Rutitzky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shainheit, Mg" uniqKey="Shainheit M">MG Shainheit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Urban, Jf" uniqKey="Urban J">JF Urban</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walk, St" uniqKey="Walk S">ST Walk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blum, Am" uniqKey="Blum A">AM Blum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ewing, Sa" uniqKey="Ewing S">SA Ewing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weinstock, Jv" uniqKey="Weinstock J">JV Weinstock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Vb" uniqKey="Young V">VB Young</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Ghana</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Togo</li></country><region><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li><li>Écosse</li></region><settlement><li>Bonn</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Katawa, Gnatoulma" sort="Katawa, Gnatoulma" uniqKey="Katawa G" first="Gnatoulma" last="Katawa">Gnatoulma Katawa</name></region><name sortKey="Adjobimey, Tomabu" sort="Adjobimey, Tomabu" uniqKey="Adjobimey T" first="Tomabu" last="Adjobimey">Tomabu Adjobimey</name><name sortKey="Arriens, Sandra" sort="Arriens, Sandra" uniqKey="Arriens S" first="Sandra" last="Arriens">Sandra Arriens</name><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><name sortKey="Kwarteng, Alexander" sort="Kwarteng, Alexander" uniqKey="Kwarteng A" first="Alexander" last="Kwarteng">Alexander Kwarteng</name><name sortKey="Layland, Laura E" sort="Layland, Laura E" uniqKey="Layland L" first="Laura E." last="Layland">Laura E. Layland</name><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name><name sortKey="Von Horn, Charlotte" sort="Von Horn, Charlotte" uniqKey="Von Horn C" first="Charlotte" last="Von Horn">Charlotte Von Horn</name></country><country name="Togo"><noRegion><name sortKey="Katawa, Gnatoulma" sort="Katawa, Gnatoulma" uniqKey="Katawa G" first="Gnatoulma" last="Katawa">Gnatoulma Katawa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Debrah, Alex Y" sort="Debrah, Alex Y" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alex Y." last="Debrah">Alex Y. Debrah</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name><name sortKey="Debrah, Alex Y" sort="Debrah, Alex Y" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alex Y." last="Debrah">Alex Y. Debrah</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Écosse"><name sortKey="W Taylor, David" sort="W Taylor, David" uniqKey="W Taylor D" first="David" last="W. Taylor">David W. Taylor</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001D02 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001D02 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4288720
|texte= Hyperreactive Onchocerciasis is Characterized by a Combination of Th17-Th2 Immune Responses and Reduced Regulatory T Cells
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25569210" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |